電纜橋架的接地電阻檢測(cè)是保障電氣的重要環(huán)節(jié)，其目的是驗(yàn)證接地系統(tǒng)是否能有效將故障電流導(dǎo)入大地，防止觸電或設(shè)備損壞事故。檢測(cè)需遵循規(guī)范流程，確保數(shù)據(jù)準(zhǔn)確可靠，以下是具體方法說(shuō)明。

　　The detection of grounding resistance in cable trays is an important part of ensuring electrical safety. Its purpose is to verify whether the grounding system can effectively guide fault currents into the ground, preventing electric shock or equipment damage accidents. Testing must follow standardized procedures to ensure accurate and reliable data. The following are specific method instructions.

　　檢測(cè)前的準(zhǔn)備工作需細(xì)致到位。需明確檢測(cè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，根據(jù)相關(guān)規(guī)范，電纜橋架接地電阻值通常要求不大于 4 歐姆，特殊環(huán)境下需符合更嚴(yán)格的要求（如爆炸危險(xiǎn)場(chǎng)所可能要求不大于 1 歐姆）。準(zhǔn)備合適的檢測(cè)儀器，常用的有接地電阻測(cè)試儀（如鉗形接地電阻儀、手搖式接地電阻表），使用前需檢查儀器是否在校驗(yàn)有效期內(nèi)，量程是否匹配檢測(cè)需求，接線(xiàn)端子是否完好。清理檢測(cè)點(diǎn)周?chē)h(huán)境，移除地面雜物、積雪、油污等，確保接地體與測(cè)試儀的連接部位清潔，避免接觸不良影響讀數(shù)。同時(shí)，確認(rèn)電纜橋架的接地裝置結(jié)構(gòu)，明確接地體、接地線(xiàn)的走向，找出各連接點(diǎn)（如橋架之間的跨接線(xiàn)、與接地干線(xiàn)的連接點(diǎn)），為檢測(cè)點(diǎn)的選擇提供依據(jù)。

　　The preparation work before testing needs to be meticulous and thorough. Firstly, it is necessary to clarify the testing standards. According to relevant regulations, the grounding resistance value of cable trays is usually required to be no more than 4 ohms. In special environments, stricter requirements must be met (such as explosive hazardous areas where no more than 1 ohm may be required). Prepare suitable testing instruments, commonly used ones include grounding resistance testers (such as clamp type grounding resistance meters, hand cranked grounding resistance meters). Before use, check whether the instrument is within the valid calibration period, whether the range matches the testing requirements, and whether the wiring terminals are intact. Clean up the surrounding environment of the testing point, remove ground debris, snow, oil stains, etc., ensure that the connection between the grounding body and the tester is clean, and avoid adverse contact that may affect readings. At the same time, confirm the grounding device structure of the cable tray, clarify the direction of the grounding body and grounding wire, and identify each connection point (such as the jumper wire between the trays and the connection point with the grounding main line), providing a basis for the selection of detection points.

　　檢測(cè)點(diǎn)的選擇直接影響結(jié)果的代表性。應(yīng)優(yōu)先選擇橋架系統(tǒng)的關(guān)鍵節(jié)點(diǎn)，如進(jìn)出建筑物處的接地連接點(diǎn)、橋架分段連接處的跨接線(xiàn)、與接地極直接連接的部位等。對(duì)于大型橋架系統(tǒng)，需在不同區(qū)域選取多個(gè)檢測(cè)點(diǎn)，避免因局部接地不良導(dǎo)致整體判斷失誤。檢測(cè)點(diǎn)需確保與接地體可靠連接，若連接部位有漆層、氧化層，需用砂紙輕輕打磨露出金屬光澤，保證測(cè)試探頭與接地體的良好接觸。

　　The selection of detection points directly affects the representativeness of the results. Priority should be given to selecting key nodes of the bridge system, such as grounding connection points at the entrance and exit of the building, jumper wires at the segmented connection of the bridge, and parts directly connected to the grounding electrode. For large-scale bridge systems, multiple detection points need to be selected in different areas to avoid overall judgment errors caused by poor local grounding. The detection point must be reliably connected to the grounding body. If there is a paint layer or oxide layer on the connection part, it needs to be lightly sanded with sandpaper to expose the metallic luster, ensuring good contact between the test probe and the grounding body.

　　具體檢測(cè)操作需按儀器類(lèi)型規(guī)范進(jìn)行。使用手搖式接地電阻表時(shí)，需按 “E”（接地極）、“P”（電位探針）、“C”（電流探針）的順序接線(xiàn)，將探針按直線(xiàn)排列插入地面，間距約 5 米，E 端連接橋架接地體，P、C 端分別連接對(duì)應(yīng)探針。勻速搖動(dòng)儀表手柄（通常每分鐘 120 轉(zhuǎn)），待指針?lè)€(wěn)定后讀取數(shù)值，重復(fù)測(cè)量 2-3 次取平均值。使用鉗形接地電阻儀時(shí)，操作更為簡(jiǎn)便，只需打開(kāi)鉗口夾住橋架的接地線(xiàn)或接地體，按下測(cè)試鍵，儀器即可顯示電阻值，適合對(duì)跨接線(xiàn)、接地干線(xiàn)等部位的快速檢測(cè)。檢測(cè)過(guò)程中需避免人員觸碰探針或接線(xiàn)，防止干擾讀數(shù)或發(fā)生觸電風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。

　　The specific testing operation needs to be carried out according to the instrument type specifications. When using a hand cranked grounding resistance meter, it is necessary to connect the wires in the order of "E" (grounding electrode), "P" (potential probe), and "C" (current probe). Insert the probes into the ground in a straight line with a spacing of about 5 meters. Connect the E end to the bridge grounding body, and connect the P and C ends to the corresponding probes. Shake the instrument handle at a constant speed (usually 120 revolutions per minute), wait for the pointer to stabilize, read the value, and repeat the measurement 2-3 times to take the average. When using a clamp type grounding resistance meter, the operation is more convenient. Simply open the clamp to clamp the grounding wire or grounding body of the bridge, press the test button, and the instrument will display the resistance value. It is suitable for rapid detection of jumper wires, grounding main lines, and other parts. During the testing process, it is necessary to avoid personnel touching the probe or wiring to prevent interference with readings or the risk of electric shock.

　　檢測(cè)后的數(shù)據(jù)處理與判斷是關(guān)鍵。若測(cè)得電阻值小于或等于規(guī)定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，說(shuō)明接地系統(tǒng)合格；若大于標(biāo)準(zhǔn)值，需查找原因，可能是接地體腐蝕、連接松動(dòng)、接地體埋深不足等。此時(shí)可分段檢測(cè)，逐步排查故障點(diǎn)，例如斷開(kāi)橋架之間的跨接線(xiàn)，分別檢測(cè)各段接地電阻，確定不良區(qū)段后進(jìn)行修復(fù)（如更換腐蝕的接地體、緊固松動(dòng)的連接螺栓、增加接地極數(shù)量等）。修復(fù)后需重新檢測(cè)，直電阻值符合要求。

　　The processing and judgment of data after detection are crucial. If the measured resistance value is less than or equal to the specified standard, it indicates that the grounding system is qualified; If it is greater than the standard value, the cause needs to be investigated, which may be corrosion of the grounding body, loose connection, insufficient burial depth of the grounding body, etc. At this point, segmented detection can be carried out to gradually identify the fault points, such as disconnecting the jumper wires between the bridge frames, testing the grounding resistance of each section separately, and repairing the defective sections (such as replacing corroded grounding bodies, tightening loose connecting bolts, increasing the number of grounding electrodes, etc.). After repair, it is necessary to retest until the resistance value meets the requirements.

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